24^th World Congress on Pediatrics, Neonatology & Primary Care October 19-20, 2020 Helsinki, Finland

The strength and health of mothers and children is a key indicator of general wellbeing in any setting. Maternal and Child Health (MCH) proactive, preventative and strategic approach to improve the availability of and access to high quality preventive and primary health care for all children, reproductive health care of all women and their partners. Pregnancy can provide an opportunity to distinguish existing health risks in women and to prevent future health problems for women and their children.

Maternal and child health professionals provide data and information to sexual reproductive health services and methods of family planning, promote the health of pregnant women and their children and increase immunization rates.

Pediatric nursing is a chance to work with some of the most precious and unpredictable creatures on the face of the planet – children and watch them growing up as well. Pediatric Nurses are specialized nurses usually complete advanced training in pediatrics and collaborate closely with doctors and other health care providers.

The ultimate goal of pediatric nursing is to ensure that all children develop and grow to their full potential. Apart from normal Nurses duties like recording the child’s height and weight, obtaining blood and urine samples, and ordering diagnostic testing; the pediatric nurses able to interpret test results, such as CT scans or MRIs, as well as to create a treatment plan based on those results.

Neonatal and Pediatric Surgery is a broad field having many challenges with it. Children differ from adults in their structure, physical requirements, the kinds of illnesses they suffer from, and in the way they need to be treated, especially surgically. The method of Surgery for adults and surgery for children is different, that’s why a different set of specialists take care of these patients.

Pediatric surgeons diagnose and manage children’s surgical needs including surgery for abnormalities of the groin in childhood and adolescence, Diagnosis and surgical care of tumors, Endoscopic procedures etc.

Eating well is fundamental procedure to live long physically and mentally. During the growing periods between infancy and adolescence, adequate nutrition is very important. A balanced diet is the cornerstone of lifelong physical and mental health. Pediatric nutrition considers the dietary needs of infants to support growth and development which includes changes in organ function and body composition. Infants consume small amounts of food at a time, but they should not be fed directly from the jar because bacteria are introduced into a jar from the babies' mouth.

Breast milk imparts superior nutritional, immunological, and psychological benefits to infants. Breastfeeding is also much more economical, and no preparation is required.

Pediatric Pulmonology includes the medical care of infants, children and adolescents with diseases and conditions of the lungs. Pediatric pulmonologists specialize in treating children with breathing problems like Asthma, Pneumonia, Wheezing, Bronchitis etc. Pulmonary function testing is a non-invasive test can be done in different ways to work best for children of various ages. They monitor conditions that increase the risk of permanent lung damage like pulmonary hypertension.

General Pediatrics always emphasizes outstanding clinical care for patients across socioeconomic backgrounds of medical complexities; cutting-edge health services researches, and training of future academic leaders in the field of child health.

It encompasses the care, diagnosis, and treatment of a wide range of medical conditions and issues that are generally specific to this younger population. A general pediatrician will treat minor wounds, common illnesses, and some infectious diseases that may affect young people. They provide medical care of various ages to keep them healthy and growing.

A newborn's brain is very different than a child or adult brain. Neonatal neurology is a growing sub-specialty area which has considerable amount of neurologic problems present in the neonatal intensive care unit. The most commonly encountered neurologic diagnoses in NICU are brain injury relating to prematurity, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, seizures, stroke, cerebral malformation, and abnormal tone. There are more than 600 neurological disorders which can occur throughout a person's lifetime but very few neurological conditions are observed in newborns.

The transition from the aqueous environment of the mother’s womb to dry land creates many challenges for the neonate. Pediatric Nephrology relates to acute and chronic diseases that affect renal function, blood pressure, and fluid and electrolyte disorders in children. Kidney disease can affect children in multiple manners, ranging from treatable disorders without long-term consequences to hazardous conditions.

Chronic kidney disease may be caused by a long-term blockage in the urinary tract, Alport syndrome, Nephrotic syndrome, Cystinosis etc. Kidney failure or renal failure is the condition when the kidneys slow down or stop properly filtering wastes from the body, which can cause buildups of waste products and toxic substances in the blood.

Pediatric and neonatal hematology is considered as a specialized science that incorporate with the hematopoietic, immunologic and chemical changes in a growing child. Neonatal hematology is a complex and dynamic process in the pediatric community.

There are dramatic changes occur in the blood and bone marrow of the newborn baby during the first hours and after some days of birth and there are rapid variances in the quantities of every single hematologic components. Neonatal hematologic values are disturbed by the gestational age of the infant, the presence of illness, and the level of support required for the child. Pediatric hematologists/oncologists diagnose, treat, and manage children and teens with diseases of blood cells including disorders of white cells, red cells, and platelets, bleeding disorders etc.

Cancer in childhood is uncommon. Pediatric Oncology is considered to be the challenging field of childhood cancers. All known tumour types have been reported specifically in the neonates. Retinoblastoma is probably the most common malignant tumour observed in neonate. About 7% of these tumours have been apparent at birth. The causes of neonatal cancer are unclear, but genetic factors probably play a major role in it. More studies are required to define why the neonate does better with some tumours and worst with others.

Pediatric dentistry, also known as pedodontics focuses on oral health of children from infancy through the teen years. Taking good oral health practices should begin at home, when the child is about 1 year and continued throughout adult life. Lack of sufficient oral care would result as tooth decay in children due to dental caries that can even lead to serious complications for later period. Pediatric dentists are dedicated to the oral health and if teething is delayed in an infant.

Pediatric gastroenterologists concerned with treating the gastrointestinal tract, liver, or nutritional problems in child. One of the main problems of an infant is iron deficiency, which generate anemia. This is caused when the only food that the baby receives is maternal milk which does not sufficient for the baby’s nutrition. Infectious gastroenteritis is the most common pediatric GI disorder and about 5 billion episodes occur worldwide each year.

Pediatric Pharmacology provides guidelines for safe, effective drug therapy both in children, and adolescents. The coverage includes specific recommendations for all major diseases in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).

It also included effects of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, pharmacogenetics, pharmacogenomics, drug development, and clinical trials in infants and children. The ability of paediatric patient to clear a drug changes rapidly in the first few months of life. It is observed that often a child can clear drugs faster than an adult. There are many pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes as a child develops.

Childhood obesity is a serious medical condition which affects the children and adolescents. Children who are obese are normally above the normal weight according to their age and height. Body mass index (BMI) is a measure used to determine childhood overweight and obesity. According to study, Children who are considered affected by obesity are 70 % more likely to continue this into adulthood as well.

Pediatric depression is a stress and relatively common psychiatric condition that generally continues episodically into adulthood. A child with Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) keeps having scary thoughts and memories of a past event. PTSD occurs as the result of an inescapable threat to life such as the effects of war, terrorism, natural disasters, accidents, disease and sudden death of a loved one and can cause lasting neurological and physiological changes to the brain. A child psychiatrist or mental health expert can diagnose PTSD and will do a mental health evaluation. 

New-borns are particularly susceptible to certain diseases, compare to older children and adults. Their new immune systems aren't enough developed to fight against the bacteria, viruses and parasites that cause infections. Infant respiratory distress syndrome which is also caused by infections is often a condition of preterm neonates that can have long-term negative outcomes and hazards to health. It has been estimated that 30–40% of neonatal deaths worldwide are associated with infectious disease and it is the work of Pediatric infectious diseases specialists who know how to diagnose and treat children in a better way that makes them relaxed.

Healthcare is one of the biggest industries all over the world. A health care administrator is ultimately responsible for the overall management of medical facilities. From hospitals to nursing homes, the role of a health care administrator or manager is to manage medical, billing and maintenance staff, answering typically to a board of directors, as well as patients and families. Without a good healthcare management system, a healthcare facility would not be able to provide effective care for patients.