Biography
Biography: Wael Mohamed Abdelaal
Abstract
All drugs are poisons.Only proper usage and proper dosage determine what is therapy and what is poison. Antibiotics are powerful medicines that fight against bacterial infection. Before the 1930s there were no treatments for bacterial infections, following the discovery of penicillin industry started searching for more antibiotics in nature In his 1945 nobel prize lecture, Fleming warned of the dangers of antimicrobial resistance: The time may come when penicillin can be brought by anyone in the shops. Then there is the danger that the ignorant man may easily underdose himself and by exposing his microbes to non-lethal quantities of the drug make them resistant. Many bacteria have developed the ability to become resistant to antibiotics. These bacteria are now a major threat in our hospitals. Mechanisms Of Resistance Enzymatic inhibition: First is alteration of bacterial membranes:Outer membrane permeability, Inner membrane permeability and Rapid ejection of the drug [efflux] or reduced drug influx. Bypass of antibiotic inhibition: Alteration of target sites, Altered ribosomal target sites and altered cell wall precursor targetsand Altered target enzymes How antibiotic resistance can be prevented: Antibiotics should be the last line of defence NOT the first, Most common infections will get better by themselves through time, bed rest, liquid intake and healthy living, Only take antibiotics prescribed by a doctor, If prescribed antibiotics, finish the cours and lastely Do not use other peoples or leftover antibiotics they be specific for some other infection.